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In order better to comprise the cover vegetable
of one determined area the species is present important as well as not
to characterize all, how much theirs to group itself in
fitoassociazioni, answer to the several situations acclimatizes them
(of ground, of humidity, salinità, exposure, etc.) and so as
to to characterize very recognizable types of vegetation from the
dominant essence: the Critmeto; the Mediterranean
Agropireto, the Cakileto, the Ammofileto, the Iparrenieto, the
Salicornieto, etc.
Vendicari, in how much "coastal humid zone", is rich of
waters, but this abundance is sminuita ecologically from their high
tenor of salinità. Therefore in its ecosystems the plants can
living only (but it is worth also for the animals) in a position to
adapting itself to this parameter and they make it in two various
ways: becoming alofite or succulente. First they
introduce cellular juices with able osmotiche high pressure to absorb
circulating solutions strongly concentration.
 The second
ones accumulate in the woven sweet water reservoirs; they are
behaved that is like that they live on the most barren grounds.
These plants introduce also reductions of the superficial
fogliari in order to reduce lessened the perspiration and therefore
the loss of water, are that they have leaves, aghiformi like
the Juniper reduced to squame like in
the Tamerici, or re-united to
adherent rosette like in the limonium, or nearly lacking like in
the Salicornie. An
other factor acclimatizes discriminating them strongly is the
consistency of the substrate on which the insediano plants:
full of rocks substrate and sabbioso substrate. Poichè
all wraps it coastal of Vendicari is a continuous one to alternate
itself of sabbiosi features and full of rocks features, the vegetation
introduces one correspondent alternation between associations of
rupicole plants and associations of plants psammofile (loving of the
sand).
 If we analyze the vegetations of a full of rocks
feature, proceeding from the sea towards the inside, we find the
following series: after a short afitotica strip, interested
from the excursion of tide and the sprays of the more violent waves
during the seas storm, one tightened (from 2 to 10 m is asserted)
wraps of vegetazionealofila-rupestre in which it dominates
to the Finocchio of sea (Crithmum
maritimum),
the spiny Cicoria (Cicorium spinosum), Limonium syracusanum and L.
virgatum.
 To tightened contact with this wrap
alofilo-rupestre extends one tightened you wrap to gariga constituted
from low bushes to pillow of
Thymus (Timus capitatus),
Spinaporci (Sarcopoterium spinosum),
Palm dwarf (Chamaerops humilis),
Spazzaforno (Thymelaea hirsuta),
Teucrium fruticans, between which the geofite ones like the magical
Mandragora
(
Mandragora
abound autumnalis), the elegant
bulboso Giaggiolo (Iris planifolia),
many wonderful orchidee. This gariga (than is a climax here)
towards the inside passes to spot with the dominanza of
Lentisco (Pistacia lentiscus),
Oleastro (europaea Olea sylvestris),
Fillirea (Phyllirea angustifolia),
Mirto (Myrtus communis), Squill (maritime Urginea) and still
palm dwarf, that is is customary sclerofille Mediterranean more
termofile. Beautifulst garighe we still have between foce
stampace and the Calamosche and to Bottom Flies. |
If analogous we analyze a feature of sabbiosa coast we
find the following sequence: after the afitotica zone we meet
an ephemeral vegetation psammofila which beyond that on the sand
insedia on the organic rests (alghe, coppers, fibers of Posidonia,
etc.) spiaggiati from the sea, for which valence can assume one
psammofila-nitrofila. Little, but meaningful the species:
Maritime Cakile; Saltwort kali, Euphorbia peplis, Potygonum maritimum. They follow the perennial associations
psammofile constituted from large rizomatose graminacee that
consolidate dunes acuistando a meant fort acclimatize them of
constructive type.
 Between the species more present we
remember: Agropyrum junceum mediterraneum, Sporobolus
arenarius, Eryngium maritimum, spiny Echinophora, Cyperus kallii,
maritime Cutandia, ammophila sandstone arundinacea, marine Medicago,
Larenea resedifolia, Pancratium maritimum. To the shoulders of
these associations dominated from the graminacee, in repaired position
more regarding the sea, insedia one peculiar vegetation: the
spot to juniper coccolone, dominated obviously from this species
(Juniperus macrocarpa), but with one rich court of other essences:
Ephedra fragilis, Pistacia lentiscus, Phyllirea angustifolia,
cirrhosa Clematis, Rosmarinus officinalis, etc.
 This spot is developed on all tombolo prospiciente the
Roveto Marsh and catches up its maximum splendor near Citadel of the
Maccari. As we go away from the sea and we approach marshes the
vegetation becomes igrofila, but alofila and always long their rivers
form praterie widths to
Salicornia, in which, beyond to fruticosa Salicornia and S.
radicantis, can find Hyparrhenia hirta, Lotus edulis, Cram retorta,
Trifolium stellatum, Iris sisyrinchium, or Arthrocnemum glaucum,
Juncus subulatus, Limonium serotinum, true Suade. In the part
they of the marshes centers that remain overflowed for long periods
find one submergeeed vegetation, therefore not striking over the
surface of the water, constituted from maritime Ruppia, Potamogeton
pectinatus, Lamprothanium papulosum. To ridosso of the inner
rivers of marshes one runs wraps of depressions in which weakly meets
meteoric waters that maintain imbibito and salmastro the substrate.
You insedia a vegetation to Scirpi, Carici, Giunchi, but above
all Cannucia (Phragmites australis) and, where, the water is sweet,
domestic Cane (arundo donax) that, with wide popolamenti, it
considerably marks the border between the reservoir dominated from
natural landscapes and the prereservoir dominated from paesggi
constructed (rural landscapes). Here the picked ones to you
have occupied the center of the ancient ones leccete and still could
have a colturale value if they were remained faithful to traditional
agriculture; instead they have been more and more you reconvert
yourself in intensive monocultivation supported from massive
irrorazioni chemistries with strong impact acclimatizes them.
To the inside of the reservoir little exotic plants exist
(sisalana Agave, Acacia orrida, Eucalyptus, etc.) introduced
from the man above all to agricultural scopes (windbreak) or it
ornaments them.
The problem is placed to eliminate them with directed
extirpations, or to leave remitting them to the nature the task of
car-epurarsi in the time.
However the Agency manager has already eliminated the
Eucalyptuses that "polluted" the beautifulst spot to juniper of
Citadel.
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