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A lot for the amount of archaeological evidences
(in truth was bizantina to Vendicari is sure the more
interesting insufficient) and does not document them but because round
to it it is not resolutions to diradare the mystery.
 Thanks to the untiring work of Paul Bears in this area
were found again catacombe (the 6 ipogeici complexes), 2 sepolcri to
newspaper stand and very 4 Bizantine churches (of which 2 to Basilican
plant), of which only one reached until today: the Trigona.
Around these constructions they were obvious until at the
beginning of the past century also probably pertinenti rests of an
inhabited takeover and other rests to the harbour area (taken
advantage of already from the Fenici), in proximity of the mouth of
the same one in correspondence of the foce of the Sichilli marsh.
Some students, already before Paul Bears, had faced the problem
 of the identification of these takeovers. In
effects the area of Citadel is an area driven in inhabited in the
antiquity, and for which the recent archaeological searches do not
make other that to confirm the insediativo thickness of this area in
the late antiquity and the Bizantina age. These hypotheses are
based on the studies and the written ones of Tommaso Fazello that
describe one full campaign of ruderi and rural villages to us around
the religious buildings. Fazello is stopped on the monumental
truth of citadel, whose city consistency is clearly different from the
other near centers, reaching the conclusive identification of these
monuments with the ancient center of Macara. This hypothesis
subsequently was rejected from the Bears and the recent studies
stretch to agree with this last one. From the examination, in
fact, of some antichi medioevali documents, between which the as an
example directory of the tenth due to siracusana church (1275), the
enumeration of the Castles of Pope Urbano II (bubble of 1093), carries
in all probability to the identification of this situated one with the
called center Respensa. Unfortunately all the hypotheses
 cannot be supported from reperti archaeological;
practically passings, in fact are the two churches to basilican
plant found again from the Bears, while the piedidritti of it only
crams you of the openings are the only testimonies of the village in
proximity of the foce. Only the Trigona erge in the more
northern part of the cape. |
Tutt' other consistency must have the situated one, to
judge from the detailed descriptions of the Fazello, to the half of `
the 500. These describe the church of the Trigona, dedicated to
the Salvatore, a similar other tempio and some rests to us of ancient
structures from he interpreted like terme. Other elements
reach, two centuries after (fine of ` the 700), from part of J. Houel,
which one thought the Trigona construction of the low empire
subsequently red-adapt to Christian church. Particular interest
by now arouses its descriptions of the numerous structures building,
constructed without the use of malta, present in proximity of foce but
completely the passings.
Only reperti that they can constitute a valid aid in the
chronological reconstruction of the situated one is the reperti
ceramic, finds again to you in great amount in proximity of the
Trigona and in the pressed ones of the foce, giving an ulterior
confirmation of the existence of the adjacent takeover to the harbour
area, which is still observable thanks to some filari of pietrame that
a time, enclosed in walls of squared masses, they had to represent the
harbour docks, and that it gives an idea to us of the dimensions of
the port. The reperti ceramic they allow us, moreover, to
estimate the consistency of the activity of this port. Many in
fact, are of origin African and others of origin orient them, that
they were the two greater routes trades them of the age, giving an
ulterior confirmation of the sturdy volume of activity and the
remarkable importance of the port.
Being sure of the existence of the port and its
remarkable importance for all the area to south of Siracusa, cannot be
made less than to formulate an other hypothesis. In the period
bizantino, in fact, and subsequently also in the period
Muslim, the ports, for their most remarkable importance they trades,
they were considers you like frontiers to defend and therefore of
situated that had to be fortify to you with wall and the towers of
surveillance. In such sense the construction of defensive works
could already have interested the situated one in the late-bizantino
period, in order subsequently to defend the port from the Arabic
attacks and in the age Muslim.
 Some archaeological
evidences seem to give confirmation to this hypothesis and in
particular a wall feature is marked it, along 5-6 m, to the northeast
of the Trigona that follows the contour of the northern escarpment of
the cape, constituted from pietrame red-use, with use of malta and
attends rinzeppature of ceramic material, pertinenti to a building
whose nature and origin have not been cleared. Still more it is
late appears the located quadrangular structure to the south-western
limit of the inhabited area, just under the escarpment that delimits
the cape, and that it takes advantage of the wall (accurately
appiombata in that point) on which two walls that dipartono from the
tower are attested. Also toponimo the same "Tower Citadel",
that it identifies the cape of Citadel, contributes to confirm the
nature fortified of the situated one.
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